InfoSubstrate Newspaper-Broadcast (1830)

Class card for the advertising-funded mass-media info substrate (~1830–1995): the dominant civilizational means of producing and distributing public information from the penny-press era through the broadcast-television age. The typology break from InfoSubstrate-Print fires on two patterns: (1) output_category_replacement — the dominant output bundle flips from mass standardized texts (books, pamphlets) to a real-time shared public news agenda plus mass entertainment; (2) input_set_replacement — the dominant input model shifts from commercial-bookseller cover-price revenue to professional-journalist labour + telegraph/cable wire feeds + advertising revenue as the primary funding mechanism. The penny press takeoff dates from the New York Sun (1833) and James Gordon Bennett's Herald (1835), which introduced one-cent cover prices cross-subsidized by advertising. Rotary presses (Hoe 1843; Walter Press 1866) enabled mass scale. The transatlantic telegraph cable (1858, operational 1866) and wire services (AP 1846; Reuters 1851) created real-time global news distribution. Yellow journalism (Pulitzer / Hearst 1890s) and muckraking (McClure's 1900s) defined the US mass-press OPP at its peak: NY Journal 1.5M copies/day (1900). The substrate broadens into broadcast with radio (KDKA 1920; BBC 1922; RCA/NBC 1926) and television (BBC 1936; US three-network 1948–1986; cable 1970s; satellite 1980s). The funding model remains advertising-dominant throughout: cover-price declined as primary revenue in newspapers from ~1880; broadcast TV was almost entirely advertiser-funded. machine_type = corporeal because the production infrastructure (printing presses, paper mills, radio transmitters, broadcast towers, cable plant, studio production sets) is heavy physical capital, even though the information payload is semiotic. heavy_or_light = heavy: press infrastructure + broadcast tower networks + cable plant are heavy capital. substrate = [corporeal, semiotic, cognitive]: the press/broadcast infrastructure is corporeal; the text/signal is semiotic; the mass audience's shared interpretive frame is cognitive. plasticity = rigid through the early newspaper era (rigid typeset-and-press workflow, studio-production rigidity) but plasticizes in the late-MM broadcast era as cable TV multiplies channels and format diversity rises (noted in snapshots). Pick rigid as the dominant card-level value with late-MM plasticization flagged in description. Succeeded by InfoSubstrate-SocialPlatform-1995 when the World Wide Web (1991), Yahoo (1994), and Facebook (2004) fire a further typology break: input_set_replacement (professional editors → algorithms + users) + output_category_replacement (agenda → engagement-maximization feed). The broadcast OPP (everyone reads the same morning paper / watches the same evening news) is sublimated by the platform's personalized feed.