Baconian Scientific Method (1620)

Class card for the inductive-experimental method systematized by Francis Bacon in "Advancement of Learning" (1605) and "Novum Organum" (1620). Core architecture: four idols (Tribe, Cave, Marketplace, Theatre) as a clearing operation against cognitive bias; the inductive ladder (natural history → axioms of ascending generality → works); experimentum crucis (the decisive experiment that discriminates between rival hypotheses); and the Salomon's House research programme in "New Atlantis" (1627) as an institutional vision. Bacon's method is a MACHINE in the Bryant/Luhmann sense: it processes observations (input) and produces falsifiable hypotheses and tested axioms (output) via a rule-governed semiotic procedure. Substrate is tripartite: semiotic (printed treatises, Novum Organum itself, Philosophical Transactions post-1665), cognitive (trained-observer epistemic discipline — the Four Idols clearing function), and social (the republic of letters, experimental community, witness-credibility conventions per Shapin & Schaffer). NOT primarily corporeal — the apparatus (air-pump, telescope, thermometer) is instrumental, not constitutive: the method precedes and outlasts any particular apparatus generation. Operationalization sequence: Bacon 1605→1620→1627 → Hobbes/Boyle controversy 1660s (Shapin & Schaffer: the social contract of experimental witnessing) → Royal Society 1660 + French Academy 1666 institutionalize the method → Newton 1687 formalizes the deductive-mathematical complement → Linnaean taxonomy 1735 deploys the inductive-classification branch → 19C disciplinary explosion (chemistry, geology, biology) → Humboldtian research university 1810 as the institutional envelope → Kuhn 1962 / Lakatos 1970 / Feyerabend 1975 as the method's self-critique. The method's emergence_subtype is cognitive-semiotic: a new epistemic grammar inscribed in printed form and reproduced through community practice. Pace-layer: culture (slower than commerce; faster than governance). Motor: pull (Bacon's explicit telos — "for the relief of man's estate"; the Advancement project is Progress-as-telos). Regime: complicated (Cynefin) — the inductive ladder and idol-clearing are rule-governed procedures; not chaotic or merely complex. machine_lifespan: 1620–2026 = 406 yr (≥25; trivially satisfied). Throughput constraint: inputs and outputs are epistemic (observations-collected, experiments-performed, falsifiable-hypotheses-produced) — no Smil-enum commodity applies. commodity: null + [STUB] note per guide §B.7.