World Bank / IMF Complex (1944)

Class card for the twin Bretton Woods institutions founded at the UN Monetary and Financial Conference, Bretton Woods NH, July 1944, and made operational December 27 1945 with 29 member countries. The complex aggregates the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD / World Bank) as a single institutional machine; their subsidiary bodies (IDA 1960, IFC 1956, MIGA 1988, ICSID 1966) are carried as notable_instances. Two-institutions-in-one-card is a schema-stress (agent §3.4 finding 13 framing); it is justified because IMF and World Bank share: single founding conference, US veto governance structure, Washington DC headquarters, overlapping conditionality programs, and are analytically inseparable as the "Washington Consensus" export apparatus. Separation into two cards is deferred to Batch-2 if cross-era coupling audits require it. IMF mandate: short-term balance-of-payments stabilization + exchange-rate surveillance (Article IV consultations). World Bank mandate: long-term development lending — initially European reconstruction (1946-1955), then post-colonial development (1956+), then structural adjustment (1980s-1990s), then poverty-reduction discourse (2000+). US holds ~16.5% IMF vote share = de facto veto on supermajority items (85% threshold required). World Bank bond-market access enables cheap borrowing for on-lending to member states. Key inflection points: (1) IDA created 1960 — concessional lending to poorest countries; (2) IFC 1956 — private-sector lending arm; (3) SDR created 1969 (IMF Articles 2nd Amendment) as supplementary reserve asset; (4) Latin America debt crisis 1982 (Mexico default Aug 12 1982) → IMF + World Bank lead Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) imposing fiscal austerity + privatization + trade liberalization conditionality — the SAP era defines the machine's contested legacy; (5) Washington Consensus formulated John Williamson 1989 (10 policy reforms); (6) Asia financial crisis 1997 → IMF programs (Stiglitz critique of austerity procyclicality); (7) Argentina crises 2001 + 2018-2020; (8) post-2008 financial crisis: IMF expanded multilateral surveillance; Greek + Icelandic + Cypriot + Portuguese programs 2010-2014; (9) COVID emergency lending Mar 2020+ ($250B+); (10) 2021 SDR allocation $650B (largest ever); (11) BRICS New Development Bank 2014 + AIIB 2015 emerge as challengers. Atlas seed (MM-20): energetic_zombie — institutions consume enormous resources and provide continued development lending; evolutionary intelligence (ability to reform conditionality for local conditions) is contested. machine_type=incorporeal: the complex is a treaty-institution framework; IMF + World Bank have corporeal HQs in Washington DC but the operative institutional grammar (quota formulas, conditionality matrices, SAP templates) is incorporeal. Standalone: successor_of=[], preceded_by=[], identity_lineage_id=null.